Part of the process of restarting the neutral injection system is to ‘condition the ducts’ through which the beams pass. The energy from the beams tends to heat tiny amounts of residual gas that are on the surfaces of the ducts, and to heat the walls of the ducts. Heating surfaces in a vacuum system usually forces gas to be released, creating even more heating and thus creating an almost invisible avalanche process. The release of this gas leads to the requirement to turn off the beams. This is not as big a problem as it sounds, because in doing this the ducts are cleaned a little, and over just a few days they are back into full operation. This cleaning is almost analogous to a sneeze.
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Research projects carried out at the IPPLM are funded by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, the National Science Centre and by the European Commission within the framework of EUROfusion Consortium under grant agreement No 101052200. Financial support comes also from the International Atomic Energy Agency, European Space Agency and LaserLab Consortium as well as from the Fusion for Energy Agency.